Beleidsregels Parkeren Bestemmingsplannen Deventer (2015) – Parking Regulations for Zoning Plans
The Beleidsregels Parkeren Bestemmingsplannen Deventer (versie 2015) is a regulatory framework issued by the Municipality of Deventer (Gemeente Deventer) in the Netherlands. It establishes the criteria and procedures for determining parking requirements within the context of spatial planning and zoning. The document acts as an implementation tool for Article 3.1.2 of the Besluit ruimtelijke ordening (Bro) and aligns with the Wet algemene bepalingen omgevingsrecht (Wabo) and the Bouwverordening Deventer. This 2015 version maintains the substantive standards set in the Nota Parkeernormen 2013 while adapting to national legislative changes regarding the inclusion of parking norms directly within zoning plans.
The scope of these regulations covers new construction, building transformations, extensions, and changes in land use. It mandates that developers must fundamentally provide for their project's parking needs on their own property (Parkeren op eigen terrein). The document details calculation methodologies for car and bicycle parking, including the application of Aanwezigheidspercentages (presence percentages) for dual use of parking spaces (Dubbelgebruik). It distinguishes between different urban zones, such as the Centrumgebied (historic city center), the Eerste schil (first shell surrounding the center), and the Buitengebied (outlying area), each with specific requirements and deviation possibilities.
Professional users will find structured guidance on the calculation of net parking increases, acceptable walking distances (Acceptabele loopafstanden), and the conditions under which financial contributions to a parking fund (Parkeerbijdrage) or private leases can replace physical on-site provision. The document also integrates technical standards from CROW and NEN 2443 for the physical design and sizing of parking facilities.
General Principles and Calculation Methods
The primary obligation is for developers to provide sufficient parking space on-site. The parking requirement is calculated based on the net increase in demand caused by the project. Any existing deficit is not the responsibility of the new developer; only the additional pressure on public space must be compensated.
- Increase calculation: New parking demand minus the demand of the last legal active use of the site.
- 5-year rule: If a building has been vacant for more than five years, the existing parking credit is set to zero.
- Presence percentages: Specific tables determine how different functions (e.g., housing, retail, office) can share spaces based on peak demand times.
- Rounding: Final results of 0.5 and above are rounded up to the nearest whole number, while 0.4 and below are rounded down.
Zonal Requirements: Center and Surrounding Shells
Deventer applies differentiated rules based on the geographic location of the project. In the Centrumgebied, the policy aims to keep the historic center low-traffic by discouraging on-site parking and favoring financial contributions for edge-of-center facilities.
- Zone Centrumgebied: The primary requirement is a financial Parkeerbijdrage to the Reserve Parkeervoorzieningen; building parking on-site is an exception requiring proof that it will not cause traffic or planning issues.
- Zone Eerste schil centrum: On-site parking is the rule, but strict adherence is required to prevent overflow into the city center. Financial contributions are only allowed if specific public space projects are planned within five years.
- Other Zones: Projects in the Tweede schil, Rest bebouwde kom, and Buitengebied must prioritize on-site solutions. Deviations are only granted if existing public space occupancy is below 85%.
Deviations and Alternative Solutions
When on-site provision is physically or financially impossible, the College van Burgemeester en Wethouders may permit alternative solutions. These are ranked in a hierarchy of preference.
- Public Space Construction: Developers can fund the creation of new public parking spots in the immediate vicinity.
- Private Lease or Purchase: Leasing or purchasing surplus capacity in a nearby private facility is permitted if the solution is legally secured (e.g., through a Parkeereisovereenkomst).
- Acceptable Walking Distances: Distances range from 100 meters for housing in the outer zones up to 800 meters for workplaces in the city center.
- Mobility Plans: Custom deviations of at least 15% may be granted if a developer provides a certified Mobiliteitsplan proving lower car attraction.
Bicycle Parking Standards
Bicycle parking is required for all non-residential functions. For residential projects, the standards set in the Bouwbesluit 2012 take precedence. The city uses the Nota Parkeernormen 2013 for specific quantity and quality benchmarks.
- On-site Principle: Bike storage should ideally be provided within or under the building.
- Quality Standards: Facilities must meet standard solutions regarding accessibility and proximity to main entrances.
- Deviation: Similar to car parking, a financial Fietsparkeerbijdrage can be applied if on-site provision is not feasible and standard public solutions are insufficient.
Frequently Asked Questions
How is existing parking demand calculated for a vacant building?
The municipality considers the demand of the last legal use if it was active within the last five years. If the building has been vacant longer than five years, the existing parking credit is 0.
What is the maximum walking distance for housing in Deventer?
In the city center (Centrumgebied), the acceptable distance is 600 meters. In the first shell (Eerste schil), it is 150 meters, and in all other zones, it is 100 meters.
Can I use public parking spaces for my project's requirements?
Only if the occupancy rate in the immediate vicinity is below 85% at the most critical moments, including the demand from the new project.
What happens if my parking calculation results in a decimal?
Usual rounding rules apply: values from 0.5 are rounded up, and values up to 0.4 are rounded down, except when the result is used to calculate a financial contribution.
Are there exemptions for small renovations in the city center?
Yes, building plans in the Centrumgebied or Eerste schil that create no more than 9 dwellings or result in an increase of max 5 parking spaces may be exempted under specific conditions.
How are garage dimensions determined for on-site parking?
Dimensions and design must comply with the Municipality of Deventer's 'Handboek Openbare Ruimte' and the national NEN 2443:2013 standards.
