Danish Building Regulations Guidance Appendix 13 – Technical Fire Plan Preparation
Bygningsreglementets vejledning til kap 5 - Brand, Bilag 13: Udfærdigelse af planer i forhold til brand is a regulatory technical guidance document issued by the Danish Bolig- og Planstyrelsen (Danish Authority for Social Services and Housing). This Version 1.1, dated 04-03-2021, provides standardized requirements for the creation of fire safety plans as part of the technical documentation required under Bygningsreglementet 2018 (BR18), specifically addressing chapter 29 regarding documentation of fire safety conditions.
The document establishes a uniform framework for architects and engineers to depict fire safety measures across all building classes. It governs the preparation of several plan categories, including Brandplan [B] (Fire Plan), Situationsplan [S] (Site Plan), Pladsfordelingsplan [P] (Seating and Space Distribution Plan), and Belægningsplan [L/M] (Loading or Overnight Stay Plan). The guidance details technical specifications for Tegningshoved (title blocks), standardized Signaturforklaring (legends), scale ratios, and specific RGB color codes for graphical elements. It serves as the authoritative reference for ensuring that fire documentation is readable and consistent for owners, authorities, and the emergency rescue services (redningsberedskabet).
The following sections detail the categorical requirements, graphical symbols, and building-specific examples mandated for compliant fire safety documentation in Denmark.
Plan Categories and Functional Scope
The guidance divides fire-related documentation into specific categories based on the building's use and the intended audience of the plan. For buildings in Brandklasse 2-4, plans such as the Brandplan and Situationsplan must be prepared by a certificeret brandrådgiver (certified fire advisor).
- Brandplan [B]: Illustrates the building's fire safety disposition, used by emergency services for tactical plans and for maintenance of fire installations.
- Situationsplan [S]: Shows the building's placement on the site, including access routes and fire rescue areas.
- Pladsfordelingsplan [P]: Required for rooms intended for more than 150 persons, such as assembly halls or temporary tents, showing seating and table arrangements.
- Inventaropstillingsplan [I]: Specific to shops and retail spaces over 150 persons, documenting furniture placement and escape route clearance.
- Belægningsplan [M]: Mandatory for temporary overnight stays exceeding 50 persons in a single room.
Technical Standards for Drawing Preparation
To ensure clarity, the document mandates specific scales and visual hierarchies. Drawings are typically based on architectural floor plans but must be cleared of non-fire-related details to maintain a clean black-and-white base for color-coded fire signatures.
- Scales: Floor plans and seating plans should use 1:100 or 1:200; Situationsplaner use a maximum scale of 1:500.
- Title Block (Tegningshoved): Must be placed in the bottom right corner and include the drawing number, date, version, building address, and the name of the certified advisor.
- Text Height: Minimum height of 1.8 mm for printed text, excluding text within predefined symbols.
- Resolution: Minimum 600 dpi for non-vector files to ensure legibility of symbols.
Standardized Fire Signatures and Color Coding
Signatures are categorized by their technical function. The document defines precise RGB values to distinguish between different types of fire protection and building components.
- Red (RGB 255,0,0): Used for fire technical installations and fire section boundaries (brandsektionsadskillelser).
- Green (RGB 10,150,100): Reserved for evacuation, escape routes (flugtveje), and rescue openings.
- Blue (RGB 30,120,190): Indicates fire cell boundaries (brandcelleadskillelser).
- Brown (RGB 140,90,60): Denotes fire sections with fire resistance exceeding 60 minutes.
- Dark Red (RGB 180,30,50): Frames for symbols relevant specifically to the rescue services.
Emergency Rescue Service Access and Equipment
A critical component of the Situationsplan is the documentation of access for the redningsberedskab. Specific symbols indicate the availability of water, access points, and operational areas for rescue vehicles.
- Access Routes: General width of 3.0 m for fire department access roads.
- Fire Rescue Areas: Standard dimensions of 5.0 m x 5.0 m for portable ladders, centered in front of rescue openings.
- Hydrants: Labeled as A, B, or C with yield in liters per minute (l/min) noted for private hydrants.
- Fire Dry Risers (Stigrør): Marked with specific symbols for B-storz couplings and labeled by stairwell number.
Frequently Asked Questions
When is a Pladsfordelingsplan required in Denmark?
A seating and distribution plan is required for rooms and transportable structures designed for more than 150 persons, typically assembly rooms or tents.
Who is authorized to prepare a Brandplan for building class 2?
For buildings categorized in fire classes 2, 3, or 4, the fire plan must be prepared by a certified fire advisor (certificeret brandrådgiver).
What is the standard scale for a fire situationsplan?
According to section 1.2.3, situation plans should be prepared at a scale no larger than 1:500.
What color code is used for escape route signatures?
Signatures relating to evacuation and escape routes must use green, specifically RGB: 10, 150, 100.
Where must the title block be placed on fire safety drawings?
The title block (tegningshoved) must be positioned in the lower right corner of the drawing.
What are the requirements for escape routes in temporary overnight facilities?
For facilities with more than 50 overnight guests, a Belægningsplan must be created showing free escape passages with a minimum width of 1.3 meters.
How are classified fire doors represented on the plans?
Fire doors are indicated by a red circle (0.6 m diameter at 1:1 scale) containing a number (1-3) that references the specific door classification in the legend.
Is an O-plan required for all buildings?
O-plans (Orientation plans) are required for buildings equipped with automatic fire alarm systems (ABA) or automatic water sprinkler systems (AVS) to assist the fire department.
