Bilag 2 Præ-accepterede løsninger for etageboligbyggeri – Fire Safety for Multi-Storey Housing
The Bilag 2 - Præ-accepterede løsninger for etageboligbyggeri is a technical annex to the Bygningsreglementets vejledning til kapitel 5 - Brand (Building Regulations 2018 Guidance on Fire). Issued by the Bolig- og Planstyrelsen (Danish Housing and Planning Authority), this document provides standardized technical solutions for fire safety in multi-storey residential buildings. It serves as a statutory reference for ensuring compliance with the functional requirements of BR18 for new constructions, extensions, and conversions into residential units.
The scope of the document is limited to buildings categorized under Anvendelseskategori 4 (Use Category 4), which includes multi-storey dwellings where occupants are familiar with escape routes and can evacuate independently. It specifically addresses projects within Risikoklasse 1-3 (Risk Classes 1-3) and covers structures with a maximum floor height of 45 meters above ground level. Key regulatory domains include evacuation design, fire resistance of load-bearing structures, and the prevention of fire and smoke spread through internal and external surfaces.
This library entry outlines the specific requirements for building professionals, including travel distances, stair configurations, and compartmentation standards defined in the annex. It details the pre-accepted solutions that allow projects to meet fire safety standards without the need for individual fire engineering documentation for every component.
Evacuation and Escape Route Design
Section 2 provides the criteria for designing safe evacuation paths. The document defines an escape route as a continuous system of exits, corridors, and stairs leading to the terrain. Specific requirements are set for different building heights and layouts.
- Max Travel Distance: The walking distance within a fire cell to the nearest exit must not exceed 30 meters (§2.3.2.2).
- Ceiling Height: Escape routes and stairs must maintain a minimum free ceiling height of 2.1 meters (§2.3.3).
- Stair Width: Standard stairs must have a minimum width of 1.0 meter. For buildings between 22 and 45 meters in height, the minimum width is increased to 1.2 meters (§2.3.3.2).
- Door Force: Doors in escape routes must be openable with a maximum force of 100 N (§2.3.4).
Fire Compartmentation and Building Elements
The document specifies how buildings must be divided into brandmæssige enheder (fire units) such as brandceller (fire cells) and brandsektioner (fire sections) to prevent the spread of fire and smoke.
- Residential Units: Individual apartments are typically designed as separate fire cells (§4.2.6.1).
- Fire Resistance: Building parts separating fire sections must meet a minimum fire resistance of EI 60 / A2-s1,d0 for buildings up to 12 meters, or higher depending on the specific building class (§4.2.6.1).
- Stairs: Stairwells must be designed as independent fire sections (§2.3.3.1).
Prevention of External Fire Spread
Section 4 covers distances to boundaries and the fire properties of exterior surfaces to minimize risk to neighboring properties and building residents.
- Boundary Distance: Buildings must be placed at least 2.5 meters from property lines, or 5.0 meters if certain material classifications like D-s2,d2 are used for rain screens (§Tabel 4.2.1).
- Roofing: Roof coverings must generally meet class B-ROOF(t2) standards (§4.2.4).
- Insulation: Insulation materials must be classified according to their reaction to fire, with specific restrictions for buildings over 22 meters in height (§4.2.3.3).
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the maximum travel distance to an exit in a Danish apartment building?
The maximum travel distance within a residential fire cell to the nearest exit is 30 meters, regardless of the internal layout.
What are the minimum dimensions for a rescue opening?
A rescue opening must have a combined height and width of at least 1.5 meters, with the height being at least 0.6 meters and the width at least 0.5 meters.
When is a safety stair (sikkerhedstrappe) required?
A safety stair is required in buildings where the floor of the highest story is more than 22 meters above the terrain, or if rescue openings cannot be reached by the fire department's ladders.
What is the minimum door width for shared access routes?
Doors in shared access routes must have a minimum clear opening width of 0.77 meters.
What is the required fire resistance for apartment entrance doors?
Entrance doors between an apartment and a stairwell must generally meet class EI2 30 (30-minute fire resistance).
Is smoking allowed in the design of internal insulation?
Insulation materials are regulated by density and reaction-to-fire classes; for buildings over 5.1 meters, load-bearing structures must typically use at least A2-s1,d0 (non-combustible) materials.
